When Yuan failed and died in 1916, Zhang seized the opportunity to expel the military governor of Manchuria, Duan Zhigui. During Yuan Shikai's attempt to restore the Empire of China, Yuan tried to gain Zhang's support by promoting him to the position of military governor of Fengtian. Zhang Zuolin, who had pacified the provincial assembly with the threat of force, was made the commander of the 27th Division. The remnants of the Fengtian Clique were made into the Northeastern Army, which was built after unification. After the assassination, his son, Zhang Xueliang, took over the leadership of the clique, later pledging himself and his army to the Kuomintang government in Nanking. In 1928, while he was retreating North, Zhang Zuolin's Japanese sponsors blew up his train, killing him. The power of the Fengtian Clique began to decrease in the midst of the Kuomintang's Northern Expedition.
The Second (1924) Zhili–Fengtian War started later over the Zhili invasion of the remnants of the Anhui clique, which had become allies of the Fengtian Clique, which resulted in a Fengtian victory, with the Zhili clique retreating as far South as Henan. Tensions soon began building between the two, resulting in clashes for control of Beijing known as the First Zhili–Fengtian War (1922). įollowing the Zhili–Anhui War of 19, the Fengtian Clique exercised control of Beijing and the national government jointly with the Zhili clique. Warlord Zhang Zuolin, known as the "Old Marshal," led the clique with support from Japan.
It was named after Fengtian Province (now Liaoning), and operated from a territorial base comprising the three northeastern provinces that made up Manchuria.
The Fengtian clique ( simplified Chinese: 奉系军阀 traditional Chinese: 奉系軍閥 pinyin: Fèngxì Jūnfá) was one of several opposing military factions that constituted the early Republic of China during its Warlord Era.
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